Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work Free Essays

string(111) " the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market\." Despite the laws and movements, women still do not enjoy equality in the workplace, in position or wages. In this essay I will discuss the origins of gender inequality in an effort to find out where this was first instigated. Initially I will talk about the historical motives of gender inequality and the work of the earlier women’s movements and campaigns for equal rights in the early 1900’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will then discuss various feminist theories of gender inequality, including recent government statistics. Finally I will conclude with my own viewpoints on gender inequality in the workplace in an attempt to discover why it continues to exist today. Ann Oakley 1981(cited in Haralambos and Holborn) gave a historical analysis of the changing role in society for women from before the industrial revolution in the 19th century to the 1970’s housewife. Oakley says that men and women and also the children of the working class were employed in the factories. 1819 saw the beginning of the factory act that gradually restricted child labour. From 1841 to 1914 (the beginning of World War 1) women were seen as a threat to men and their employment. In 1852 women’s employment was greatly reduced by The Mines Act which banned women from working in the mines, tradition said women should be in the home as a housewife and mother. In 1851 only 1 in 4 women were in paid employment by 1911 it was 1in 10. With the combination of these various acts passed and the growing restrictions on women’s employment, more and more women began to stay at home but not by their own choice. Harolambos and Holborn 2000 p. 144) World War I saw many women return to the workforce while men were away fighting in the war; the economy needed women in the workforce even though they were paid less than they were worth. In February of 1918 the representation of people’s act gave 2 Women the right to vote for the first time. Under this act only women over 30 were allowed to vote if they were householders, wives of householders, paying annual rent over i5, or graduates of British universities or women who were qualified although not graduates. About eight and a half million women were able to vote in the 1918 election. Women also became eligible to stand as MPs. Several suffragette campaigners stood for Parliament in the 1918 election. None were successful. Between 1914 and 1950 many women returned to work, but their primary role was still seen as that of the housewife/ mother, the industrial revolution had initiated many significant changes for women. Men were not happy about this as seen in the words of Jack Tanner: â€Å"We, as an organisation are opposed to the introduction of women as a general principal. â€Å"(Cited in Walby 1987). Braverman (1974) disagreed with Tanner saying there was a strong case for women being encouraged into the labour force, and that necessity for cheap unskilled labour was a requirement created by employers. Jack Tanner (at the time the leader of the Amalgamated Engineering Union in 1940) was doing his utmost to prevent women entering the male dominated workplace. The reason why men like Tanner should be so opposed to women to work in his male dominated union was not just because of their fear that women would work for fewer wages than men it was more a system of patriarchal objections which women’s employment threatened to disrupt. Walby 1987 p2-3) 1970 saw the Equal Pay Act, which meant that women were to receive equal pay to men if they were employed to do similar work of the same value. In 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act was brought in to stop discrimination on the grounds of sex in employment, education and equal chances of promotion. Women in work i. e. paid employment have recently increased, between 1971 and 1997 (E. O. C. briefings, Work and Parenting) the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market. You read "Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work" in category "Papers" The main reason for this is that more and more married women are going outside the home to work, although lone mother’s statistics have dropped. (Harolambos and Holborn) 3 Sylvia Walby in Gender Transformations (1997) agrees with these findings, saying that since the 1980’s integration of women in the male dominated workplace has increased dramatically, the number of women occupying higher ranking positions mainly in the professional and managerial careers has risen by 155% as opposed to a 33% rise by men. An increase in women’s educational qualifications is seen as one of the main reasons for this remarkable boost to women’s participation in higher ranking jobs. (Cited in Robinson and Richardson 1997) Norris (1987) says unquestionably women have always worked, but it is in caring for children and the elderly and the preparation and serving of food and looking after a household, known as unpaid labour, this has constantly been invisible in official statistics. One of the most significant changes for women in the labour force since the 1960’s has been the percentage of women returning to the workforce and the decline of men’s employment. Recently for every 6 men in paid employment there were 4 women, it has been predicted that these trends will continue to increase. However there are visible differences between some countries, in Scandinavia and North America, for example, women make up half the official labour force compared with less than a third in Spain, Ireland and America. In countries such as Canada Portugal and Norway the number of women in paid employment doubled. However in countries such as France, Britain and Germany, Women have been known to leave the workforce to start a family only to return in later years, this is known as the ‘M’ curve. (Politics Sexual Equality1987) Women in work i. e. paid employment has recently increased, between 1971 and 1997 the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market. EOC briefings, work and parenting1997) The main reason for this is that more and more married women are going outside the home to work, although lone mother’s statistics have dropped (Hood 1997) 4. Barron and Norris (Haralambos and Holborn2000) argued that there are 2 not 1 labour market as outlined below: Primary labour market is made up from good salaries, job security, good working conditions and good promotion prospects; secondary labour market is made up from lower paid jobs, less job security, lower working conditions and less opportunities of job promotion. These work side by side but it is near impossible for someone from the secondary labour market to be promoted to the primary labour market. Primary sector workers include professionals and managerial, highly skilled manual workers, secondary include unskilled and semi skilled workers manual and non manual workers. Dual labour market results from employers using these methods to keep the type of labour they require so incentives are offered to keep highly skilled in the workplace, secondary sector are seen as dispensable, easily replaced, no incentives for high wages, job security, or promotions is offered to them. The dual labour market can apply to both men and women but mainly women, who are seen as easy to replace and having no interest in learning new skills and less concerned with high wages. Men are still seen as the major bread winner and women’s seen as having low status in society and not normally belonging to unions is one of the reasons why they are not as likely to aim for primary sector employment. Normally once a woman begins secondary employment there is little chance she will progress to the primary sector (Haralambos and Holborn 2000) Gender divisions and inequality has been linked to feminist campaigners who have tried to put an end to sexual discrimination and inequality in the workplace. The dominance of males throughout society is known as Patriarchy. Patriarchy explains gender and radical feminist explain male power. Radical feminists like Susan Walby in 1997 explains that ‘Patriarchy is seen as the primary form of social inequality’ the domestic area is not the only one that women participate in. She shows how the idea of patriarchy is useful in explaining the relationship between women’s restriction’s in 5 he private and public area by showing that they work equally to achieve this dependence as well as maintaining patriarchy. Walby explains that it is men who are to blame for women’s oppression; women are treated unequal because of their unwaged position in society and also because of household commitments. (Robinson and Richardson 1997) Recently in America there have been various discussions about the Glass Ceiling Syndrome and that there is a certain plateau that women can progress to in the workplace, then reach no further. Below are the three methods by which these are implemented; . Networking by word of mouth – most large companies fill vacancies through word of mouth connections, employees are sometimes identified and interviewed (at lunches, dinners or clubs) and then made an offer of employment outside normal working hours 2. Networking by Employee Referrals – an employee refers another employee from a group of (mostly) men mainly from within their own social group; this again does little for the promotional prospects of women. 3. Executive Search Firms – some companies use executive search firms to fill a large number of highs ranking jobs. Some companies have not made some of these firms aware of the equal opportunity obligations under the law. (www. theglassceiling. ) One of the projects that the government has recently introduced is the Work track Programme; this was said to benefit long term unemployed and to help them gain new skills and also to help them back into the workforce. It was said to be particularly beneficial to single parents (mainly women) with children as the family credit top up could be claimed. The downside of this was that it only lasted for 6 months. It created a false feeling of wealth and it was short term, the after effects are longer lasting. Personally I participated in this programme and although I thoroughly enjoyed my work experience it was very difficult to go back to income support. Many other non Work track jobs I applied for were not as flexible, wages were a lot lower and childcare was not as easily accessible, and there was also no follow on programme 7 either which would have been very helpful. On completing this Programme participants are informed that they will be ineligible to partake in any other Worktrack courses for the next three years. Personally I believe this is very unfair, on one hand he government is giving long term unemployed the opportunity to get a taste of what it is like to get back into the labour market, many of the women in this project had not worked for a long time either because they had stayed at home to raise a family or because of lack of skills or educational qualifications and just when they believe they are getting out of the poverty trap the government takes it away from them. Basically it looks to me like another way for the government rigging the unemployment benefit statistics to look as though there are more women in employment than there actually is. Unfortunately I can only account here for some of the reasons I believe exist for the continued gender inequality in the workplace today, in my remit of 2000 words it would be impossible to cover everything. It is, I feel significant and ironic that it had to be a woman, Ann Oakley, who undertook the first ever study on women and housework, she was incidentally told by her boss (probably a man) ‘to go away and come back with a proper topic’. (Harolambos and Holborn 2000)) In my research for this assignment I have to confess to feeling at times more than a little angry at the blatant and visible discrimination of women in the workplace down through the years. Gender equality in the workplace is still a myth that I personally believe will not be solved in the immediate future, although it has certainly improved in past few decades. I acknowledge that men have been somewhat discriminated against also but nowhere near the same level that women have been and not for such a long period of time. In an ideal world men and women would share equal rights, equal pay and equal status in all societies. How to cite Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work, Papers

Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work Free Essays

string(111) " the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market\." Despite the laws and movements, women still do not enjoy equality in the workplace, in position or wages. In this essay I will discuss the origins of gender inequality in an effort to find out where this was first instigated. Initially I will talk about the historical motives of gender inequality and the work of the earlier women’s movements and campaigns for equal rights in the early 1900’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will then discuss various feminist theories of gender inequality, including recent government statistics. Finally I will conclude with my own viewpoints on gender inequality in the workplace in an attempt to discover why it continues to exist today. Ann Oakley 1981(cited in Haralambos and Holborn) gave a historical analysis of the changing role in society for women from before the industrial revolution in the 19th century to the 1970’s housewife. Oakley says that men and women and also the children of the working class were employed in the factories. 1819 saw the beginning of the factory act that gradually restricted child labour. From 1841 to 1914 (the beginning of World War 1) women were seen as a threat to men and their employment. In 1852 women’s employment was greatly reduced by The Mines Act which banned women from working in the mines, tradition said women should be in the home as a housewife and mother. In 1851 only 1 in 4 women were in paid employment by 1911 it was 1in 10. With the combination of these various acts passed and the growing restrictions on women’s employment, more and more women began to stay at home but not by their own choice. Harolambos and Holborn 2000 p. 144) World War I saw many women return to the workforce while men were away fighting in the war; the economy needed women in the workforce even though they were paid less than they were worth. In February of 1918 the representation of people’s act gave 2 Women the right to vote for the first time. Under this act only women over 30 were allowed to vote if they were householders, wives of householders, paying annual rent over i5, or graduates of British universities or women who were qualified although not graduates. About eight and a half million women were able to vote in the 1918 election. Women also became eligible to stand as MPs. Several suffragette campaigners stood for Parliament in the 1918 election. None were successful. Between 1914 and 1950 many women returned to work, but their primary role was still seen as that of the housewife/ mother, the industrial revolution had initiated many significant changes for women. Men were not happy about this as seen in the words of Jack Tanner: â€Å"We, as an organisation are opposed to the introduction of women as a general principal. â€Å"(Cited in Walby 1987). Braverman (1974) disagreed with Tanner saying there was a strong case for women being encouraged into the labour force, and that necessity for cheap unskilled labour was a requirement created by employers. Jack Tanner (at the time the leader of the Amalgamated Engineering Union in 1940) was doing his utmost to prevent women entering the male dominated workplace. The reason why men like Tanner should be so opposed to women to work in his male dominated union was not just because of their fear that women would work for fewer wages than men it was more a system of patriarchal objections which women’s employment threatened to disrupt. Walby 1987 p2-3) 1970 saw the Equal Pay Act, which meant that women were to receive equal pay to men if they were employed to do similar work of the same value. In 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act was brought in to stop discrimination on the grounds of sex in employment, education and equal chances of promotion. Women in work i. e. paid employment have recently increased, between 1971 and 1997 (E. O. C. briefings, Work and Parenting) the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market. You read "Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work" in category "Papers" The main reason for this is that more and more married women are going outside the home to work, although lone mother’s statistics have dropped. (Harolambos and Holborn) 3 Sylvia Walby in Gender Transformations (1997) agrees with these findings, saying that since the 1980’s integration of women in the male dominated workplace has increased dramatically, the number of women occupying higher ranking positions mainly in the professional and managerial careers has risen by 155% as opposed to a 33% rise by men. An increase in women’s educational qualifications is seen as one of the main reasons for this remarkable boost to women’s participation in higher ranking jobs. (Cited in Robinson and Richardson 1997) Norris (1987) says unquestionably women have always worked, but it is in caring for children and the elderly and the preparation and serving of food and looking after a household, known as unpaid labour, this has constantly been invisible in official statistics. One of the most significant changes for women in the labour force since the 1960’s has been the percentage of women returning to the workforce and the decline of men’s employment. Recently for every 6 men in paid employment there were 4 women, it has been predicted that these trends will continue to increase. However there are visible differences between some countries, in Scandinavia and North America, for example, women make up half the official labour force compared with less than a third in Spain, Ireland and America. In countries such as Canada Portugal and Norway the number of women in paid employment doubled. However in countries such as France, Britain and Germany, Women have been known to leave the workforce to start a family only to return in later years, this is known as the ‘M’ curve. (Politics Sexual Equality1987) Women in work i. e. paid employment has recently increased, between 1971 and 1997 the percentage of women in work has increased so that women have now caught up with men in the labour market. EOC briefings, work and parenting1997) The main reason for this is that more and more married women are going outside the home to work, although lone mother’s statistics have dropped (Hood 1997) 4. Barron and Norris (Haralambos and Holborn2000) argued that there are 2 not 1 labour market as outlined below: Primary labour market is made up from good salaries, job security, good working conditions and good promotion prospects; secondary labour market is made up from lower paid jobs, less job security, lower working conditions and less opportunities of job promotion. These work side by side but it is near impossible for someone from the secondary labour market to be promoted to the primary labour market. Primary sector workers include professionals and managerial, highly skilled manual workers, secondary include unskilled and semi skilled workers manual and non manual workers. Dual labour market results from employers using these methods to keep the type of labour they require so incentives are offered to keep highly skilled in the workplace, secondary sector are seen as dispensable, easily replaced, no incentives for high wages, job security, or promotions is offered to them. The dual labour market can apply to both men and women but mainly women, who are seen as easy to replace and having no interest in learning new skills and less concerned with high wages. Men are still seen as the major bread winner and women’s seen as having low status in society and not normally belonging to unions is one of the reasons why they are not as likely to aim for primary sector employment. Normally once a woman begins secondary employment there is little chance she will progress to the primary sector (Haralambos and Holborn 2000) Gender divisions and inequality has been linked to feminist campaigners who have tried to put an end to sexual discrimination and inequality in the workplace. The dominance of males throughout society is known as Patriarchy. Patriarchy explains gender and radical feminist explain male power. Radical feminists like Susan Walby in 1997 explains that ‘Patriarchy is seen as the primary form of social inequality’ the domestic area is not the only one that women participate in. She shows how the idea of patriarchy is useful in explaining the relationship between women’s restriction’s in 5 he private and public area by showing that they work equally to achieve this dependence as well as maintaining patriarchy. Walby explains that it is men who are to blame for women’s oppression; women are treated unequal because of their unwaged position in society and also because of household commitments. (Robinson and Richardson 1997) Recently in America there have been various discussions about the Glass Ceiling Syndrome and that there is a certain plateau that women can progress to in the workplace, then reach no further. Below are the three methods by which these are implemented; . Networking by word of mouth – most large companies fill vacancies through word of mouth connections, employees are sometimes identified and interviewed (at lunches, dinners or clubs) and then made an offer of employment outside normal working hours 2. Networking by Employee Referrals – an employee refers another employee from a group of (mostly) men mainly from within their own social group; this again does little for the promotional prospects of women. 3. Executive Search Firms – some companies use executive search firms to fill a large number of highs ranking jobs. Some companies have not made some of these firms aware of the equal opportunity obligations under the law. (www. theglassceiling. ) One of the projects that the government has recently introduced is the Work track Programme; this was said to benefit long term unemployed and to help them gain new skills and also to help them back into the workforce. It was said to be particularly beneficial to single parents (mainly women) with children as the family credit top up could be claimed. The downside of this was that it only lasted for 6 months. It created a false feeling of wealth and it was short term, the after effects are longer lasting. Personally I participated in this programme and although I thoroughly enjoyed my work experience it was very difficult to go back to income support. Many other non Work track jobs I applied for were not as flexible, wages were a lot lower and childcare was not as easily accessible, and there was also no follow on programme 7 either which would have been very helpful. On completing this Programme participants are informed that they will be ineligible to partake in any other Worktrack courses for the next three years. Personally I believe this is very unfair, on one hand he government is giving long term unemployed the opportunity to get a taste of what it is like to get back into the labour market, many of the women in this project had not worked for a long time either because they had stayed at home to raise a family or because of lack of skills or educational qualifications and just when they believe they are getting out of the poverty trap the government takes it away from them. Basically it looks to me like another way for the government rigging the unemployment benefit statistics to look as though there are more women in employment than there actually is. Unfortunately I can only account here for some of the reasons I believe exist for the continued gender inequality in the workplace today, in my remit of 2000 words it would be impossible to cover everything. It is, I feel significant and ironic that it had to be a woman, Ann Oakley, who undertook the first ever study on women and housework, she was incidentally told by her boss (probably a man) ‘to go away and come back with a proper topic’. (Harolambos and Holborn 2000)) In my research for this assignment I have to confess to feeling at times more than a little angry at the blatant and visible discrimination of women in the workplace down through the years. Gender equality in the workplace is still a myth that I personally believe will not be solved in the immediate future, although it has certainly improved in past few decades. I acknowledge that men have been somewhat discriminated against also but nowhere near the same level that women have been and not for such a long period of time. In an ideal world men and women would share equal rights, equal pay and equal status in all societies. How to cite Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work, Papers

The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example For Students

The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway Essay Throughout the world, there are many diverse cultures, each of these distinct cultures have different backgrounds, rituals and practices. These cultures have a profound effect on the minds of their inhabitants. Its a persons culture which effects their thoughts, beliefs and their outlook upon life. It doesnt matter where you are from or where you go to, you always have a piece of your culture with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritages and background which molds your mind, and your thoughts of how you perceive the world around you. In every culture different aspects of the society are viewed differently. Some cultures share similarities with other cultures about how they view things. In many cultures sports plays a key role in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the sports. No matter where you are from, sports will always play a role in the society. Many times in literature you can tell where the setting is or where the author is from by the w ay the community or society in the literature view sports. If you look at the literature that authors produce and where they are from, you will notice a common trend in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the writer affects the perspective in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the writers perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the setting of the story and the everyday activities that the character go through. Two prime examples of how an authors cultural heritage affects the perspective that they write from is the South African author Bryce Courtenay and the American author Ernest Hemingway. Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early education there. He spend the majority of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his final year in Africa he spent it in the copper mines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to complete his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, an d the African culture had a profound affect him. His time in the copper mines also had a penetrating effect on him and it is visible in his writing, when he wrote about the mines in Africa. In the book The Power of One, Courtenay writes form the perspective of a young British boy in South Africa which shows how cultural heritages affects the writers perspective. It is apparent that the prejudices had a astonishing affect on Courtenay, especially with the hatred between the Boers, Blacks and the British. Because of the hatred going on in South Africa at the time of his growing up and even today, you can sense a tone of racism in his writing. Please, Meneer, he hates kaffirs (blacks) just like you.2 Frequently in the book the black are referred to kaffirs and other derogatory terms. Through the years, because of wars and other disagreements the Boers have come to hate the British, and vice versa and the Blacks in southern Africa have always been hated ever since the white Europeans ar rived. This hatred started between the British and the Boers when the British first came to Africa during the slave trade. The Boers from Europe, had migrated to Africa for freedom, freedom of religion and of the prejudices that they faced in Europe. There was peace between the British and the Boers until the Boer republics were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune hunters, mostly British, poured in to stake claims,3 which belonged to the Boers. That is when the tension increased. Soon after was the Boer War, and since then there has been a great amount of tension and hatred between the British and the Boers. he stopped halfway down the alley and shouted in Afrikaans, Ill get you back for this, you rooinek (redneck, a derogatory term for the English) bastard.'4 Time and time again in the book you can feel the tension and hatred between each of the groups in South Africa. Another area of his culture that is present in the book The Power Of One is that of sports. There all s ports all over this book and in his writings. In the African culture sports are very big. The sports which are the biggest in Africa are rugby and boxing. Both rugby and boxing are key parts of the African culture in the book. Boxing is the central focus of this book as it is huge throughout all of southern Africa and especially in South Africa where the story takes place. It is Courtenays growing up in Africa where boxing is a huge sport that affected his writing. In many cultures sports is a key part of their everyday life. This is also true in South Africa. Its the sports that gives them a source of entertainment. In South Africa at the time of this story, which is during and after World War II, sports were one of the biggest forms of entertainment, the whole society was shaped around the days sporting events. For many of the poorer people, like the blacks who were suffering from apartheid, sports were one of the only sources of entertainment. As it is mentioned in the story, som e blacks traveled many of miles just to see Peekay, the main character of the story, fight. You also see the cultural differences in the book. There seems to be different sports for different cultures. One of the sports that is perceived more civilized in the book is rugby. It is played by both the British and the Boers, but not the blacks. It is evident at the time that the British thought that they were better than the Boers and the blacks. The Boers thought that they were better than the blacks, and equal to the British. And the blacks seemed to know their place as the low man on the totem pole. So when it came to certain sports, not all of those groups were allowed to participate or would participate. .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .postImageUrl , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:hover , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:visited , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:active { border:0!important; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:active , .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7 .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73892cdb5f9219f4aec46ec7eaeb0fb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plato Analysis Essay We will write a custom essay on The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When it came to boxing in South Africa, it was reserved to the Boers and the Blacks. And was said that it wasnt proper for the British to box, but many still did. And when it came to boxing the British and the Boers didnt even what to fight the blacks. Courtenays experience in South Africa and their culture is shown in great detail in the story. It is evident, through this story and that of Courtenays experience growing up in South Africa and being exposed to their cultural, and everything that comes along it, has affected his writing. So in fact his cultural heritage affected his writing perspective. His cultural heritage being that of South Africas. Ernest Hemingway was born in the United States in Illinois, his lifetime spanned 63 years, and among those years he experienced a couple of wars and a great depression. Hemingway started writing at an early age, after he finished high school Hemingway got a job as a reporter on the Kansas City Star. During World War I Hemingway tried to enlist in the armed forces but was rejected because of an old eye injury. So he then volunteered as an ambulance driver on the Italian front, and in 1918 he was badly wounded. After the war he settled in Paris, France, where he began to write fiction. Later in life Hemingway was a war correspondent in Spain, China, and Europe during World War II .5 It was during those years in the United States and the other countries where Hemingway developed his writing style. In his travel to those foreign countries Hemingway picked up pieces of their culture and their heritage with him. He took their culture and heritage added to what he had from home. Even thought he traveled a great extent of his life, he still kept his culture from home with him. It was these cultural experiences that he wrote the most about. Almost all of his different cultural heritages affected his writing perspective. They appeared in virtually everything that he wrote. Being in these cultures many times Hemingway had a first hand experience in their practices. In Hemingways case the aspect of a culture that stuck with him the most was sports. Hemingway wrote the most about many sports including, hunting, fishing, bullfighting and boxing. All of these sports were brought to him by the cultures that he was visiting, and by witnessing these events his writing persp ective was molded. The short story by Hemingway entitled Fifty Grand, is about boxing and the practices that go on in the American culture. In the story the over-aged welterweight boxing champion is set to fight a bout in which he knows he is going to lose to the young challenger.6 So the champ bets fifty thousand dollars against himself, and in the final round of the match, he has the opportunity to win, but opts to lose and take the fifty grand. As the Brennan the former champ said at the end of the story, Its funny how fast you can think when it means that much money.7 As in the South African culture boxing was very big in the United States, and it is still big today. That story reflected the American culture that was brought up Hemingway. The factor of the American culture that affected his writing is the idea of doing everything you can for a buck, no matter what it takes. As it is shown here, the cultural heritages in the United States affected Hemingway immensely. No matter where a writer is fro m or where they go to, it seems that they pick up a piece of a culture. This piece of culture that they pick up also seems to work its way into their writing, sometimes it just bits and pieces of the culture, other times it is on a much larger magnitude. But this piece of cultural heritage ends up affecting the perspective of the writer. Many times it just a small thing that the writer picks up, and sometimes it is more, but no matter how great or how minute it is, it affects the author and their writing. .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .postImageUrl , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:hover , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:visited , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:active { border:0!important; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:active , .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9c7c0454aa2f1982b7e8db9af5527dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics EssayWorks CitedBaker, Carlos. Hemingway The Writer as an Artist. New Jersey: Princeton Publishing, 1952. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. New York: Comptons NewMedia, Inc., 1995. Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. New York: Random House, 1989. Hemingway, Ernest. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other stories. New York: Scribner, 1961. Magill, Frank N. Cyclopedia of World Authors. New York: Harper ; Row, Publishing, Incorporated, 1958. Rouit, Earl. Ernest Hemingway 41. New York: Twain Publishers, Inc., 1963. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway a Reconsideration. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Publishing, 1960. 1 Bryce Courtenay, The Power of One (New York: Random House, 1989) 519. 2 Bryce Courtenay 107. 3 Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. (New York: Comptons NewMedia, Inc., 1995). 4 Courtenay 222. 5 Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. 6 Earl Rouit, Ernest Hemingway 41 (New York: Twain Publishers, Inc., 1963) 61. 7 Ernest Hemingway, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other stories (New York: Scribner, 1961) 87.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight June2016

Scholarship Spotlight June2016 Every month, we select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on  how to write a scholarship essay. Visit   Essay Lab  if you’re looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback on your scholarship or college application essays! Opinion Outpost Prize Drawing Amount:  $10,000 Eligibility:  Applicants must be 18 years or older, enrolled in some level of higher education. Requirements:  Create an account with Fastweb.com, sign up to take a survey, and take the survey to be entered for a chance to win! The more surveys you take, the better your chances. Due Date:  June 30th, 2016 Learn more and apply CollegeSTEPS Sweepstakes Amount: $1,000 (to 160 winners) Eligibility:  High School Freshmen through Graduate Student, Year 5 Requirements: For a chance to win, enroll  in the Wells Fargo CollegeSTEPS educational resource program. Due Date: June 30th, 2016 Learn more and apply Andrew Flusche Scholarship Contest Amount:  $500 Eligibility: High School Senior through Graduate Student, Year 5 Requirements:  You must create a public service advertisement video (PSA) which raises awareness of the severity of the consequences of drunk driving among your peers to qualify for this award. The video must be uploaded to YouTube and be no longer than three minutes long. Due Date:  June 30th, 2016 Learn more and apply Because College is Expensive Scholarship Amount: $500 Eligibility:  High School Freshmen through Graduate Student, Year 5, (and those planning on enrolling within the next 12 months). Requirements:  The winner will be determined by random drawing and then contacted directly and announced on the Scholarship Winners page. One entry per person is all that is necessary. Due Date: June 30th, 2016 Learn more and apply Advanced Institute for Oral Health Scholarship Amount:  $500 Eligibility:  High School Seniors through College Freshmen; you must be planning to attend an accredited university in the upcoming school year, have a minimum GPA of 2.7 and be a resident of the U.S. Requirements:  Write a 300 word essay (400 words max) on â€Å"How you plan to positively impact the world with your degree?† Due Date: July 1st, 2016 Learn more and apply

Idioms and Expressions - Eye

Idioms and Expressions - Eye The following idioms and expressions use the noun eye. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help with  these common idiomatic expressions. Apple of Someones Eye The expression  apple of my eye  is often used when referring to family members, or those who are closest to us to mean that they are someones favorite person or object. Jennifer is the apple of her fathers eye. Hes so proud of her. My Mercedes is the apple of my eye. Birds-eye View Birds-eye view  refers to a viewpoint from which one can see a wide area. This idiom  is often used figuratively to mean that someone can see a situation from a wider perspective. His birds-eye view of the market will help us beat our competitors. The hotel provides a lovely birds-eye view over the bay. Catch Someones Eye Catch someones eye indicates that someone or something has  gained attention. I caught the servers eye. Hell be with us shortly. That house on Elm street certainly caught my eye. Should we talk a look inside? Cry Ones Eyes Out Crying ones eyes out  is an idiom used for very sad events in ones life. It means to  cry for a very long time in a desperate manner such as at the loss of a loved one. I think you just need to cry your eyes out to get it all out of your system. Marias crying her eyes out. I wonder what happened? Eagle Eye Someone with an  eagle eye  has  the ability to see important details and notice mistakes. Show it to the editor. She has an eagle eye and will catch any mistake. Luckily, Toms eagle eye saw the discounted sweater I was looking for. Feast Ones Eyes on Something If you feast your eyes on something,  you  enjoy the sight of something. This idiom is often used to boast about a possession of which you are very proud. Feast your eyes on my new watch. Isnt it beautiful?! I cant stop feasting my eyes on my new car. Get a Black Eye If you get a black eye, you  receive a bruise from something around the eye. This idiom can  also be used figuratively to mean to suffer a defeat. I got a black eye when I bumped into the door. I guess we got a black eye trying to compete with that big corporation. Get Stars in Ones Eyes Some young people get stars in their eyes  because they  become obsessed about show business. Ever since Janet got the lead role in the high school play, shes got stars in her eyes. Just because you are handsome doesnt mean you need to get stars in your eyes. Give Someone the Eye People will run when  you give them the eye  because you  look at someone in an accusatory or disapproving manner. The teacher was giving me the eye during the test. I guess he thought I might cheat. Dont give me the eye! Youre the one who caused this mess. Have Eyes Bigger than Your Stomach Unfortunately, its easy to put on weight if you  have eyes bigger than your stomach  because you  desire more food than you can eat. Little children tend to have eyes bigger than their stomachs. I remember one crazy night when my best friend had eyes bigger than his stomach. He ordered more than six different meals! Have Eyes in the Back of Ones Head If you have eyes in the back of your head, you are  be able to see what is going on. This can be frustrating because others might think they are being secretive and are not noticed. My mom had eyes in the back of her head. I never got away with anything. Do you have eyes in the back of your head? How did you notice that? Hit the Bulls-eye When a person hits the bulls-eye,  they  hit the center of the target. This expression is also used figuratively to express an impressive result. I think we hit the bulls-eye with our new product line. Youve hit the bulls-eye by getting that job. In the Public Eye If you are in the public eye, you are  in a position where the public can observe your actions, so be very careful! Youll be in the public eye if you take that job. Hollywood actors are all in the public eye. Keep Ones Eye on the Ball People who can  keep their eye on the ball  remain concentrated, especially in a work situation. You need to keep your eye on the ball, no matter how long it takes, to succeed. His ability to keep his eye on the ball assured his eventual success. Turn a Blind Eye to Someone or Something Unfortunately, some people turn a blind eye to someone  and show that they are  willingly to ignore  something wrong. Just turn a blind eye to Ted. Hell never change. Im going to turn a blind eye to that problem for the moment. Without Batting an Eye Most parents help their children without batting an eye  because they  do it without hesitation. He purchased the $2 million home without batting an eye. John made the decision without batting an eye. Idioms With Eye Quiz FIll in the gaps with a word to complete these sentences with expressions using  eye: Our boss has an ______ eye because he catches mistakes that others miss.Lets take a ______ view of this situation to make sure we dont miss anything.Its surprising how many young people get ______ in their eyes and move to Hollywood to start a career.I ordered this cake, but its too much. Im afraid I have eyes that are bigger than my ______.My daughter is the ______ of my eye.I think you hit the ______ when you made that investment. Today, you are a millionaire!She gave her daughter $500 without ______ an eye because she trusts her to spend it wisely.Would you please stop giving me the ______! Youre making me nervous!I got a ______ eye when I fell last week.Politicians are always in the ______ eye.   Answers eaglebirds-eyestarsstomachapplebulls-eyebattingeyeblackpublic

Neutrality of Money Concept in Macroeconomics Essay

Neutrality of Money Concept in Macroeconomics - Essay Example This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of views of different economic schools of thought on the concept of money neutrality. Neutrality of money had been a concept popularised by classical economists who assumed that output at any point of time is being produced at the full employment level and hence, cannot be adjusted in the short run. Change in money supply could actually lead to a change in the general price level of the economy without creating any influence over its aggregate demand and supply schedules, rate of employment and interest rate. Thus, varying the amount of money in circulation in an economy could actually result to a controlled inflationary environment in the concerned nation. The primary reason behind the applicability of neutrality of money is the inelastic aggregate supply curve in the economy. A rigid supply results to a rise in price level in the nation though relative price of commodities remain fixed. On the other hand, as wages also increase proportionally, there is no adjustment on the aggregate demand frontier. Hence, the impact of a change in money supply only results to a change in the general price level in the short run. The dissection between real and nominal variables as made by classical economists led to the development of a result called classical dichotomy. The concept has been revised a large number of times by economists belonging to successive schools of thought. As it has been found that neutrality of money holds only during the long run. ... This is the reason why the concept has been revised a large number of times by economists belonging to successive schools of thought. Explanations provided by Macroeconomic schools of thought The following paragraphs elaborate the stance posed by various macroeconomic schools of thought regarding the neutrality of money. It was proposed first by the classical economists but had later been revised by its successors during different real-life economic crises. Classical Economics The classical economists were of the view that a change in money supply actually does not affect aggregate supply in the nation. In fact, they assumed aggregate supply of money to be inelastic at any point of time. In other words, the economy always produces at its full employment level so that the equilibrium output being produced is always fixed. In the short run, the position of the schedule stays fixed while in the long run, it shifts horizontally without creating any impact on the slope of the curve. Hence , a rise in money supply actually results to a shift in the aggregate demand given the immediate rise in the wage structures. The diagram alongside illustrates the situation which had been depicted by the classical economists. It shows that a rise in money supply in the economy results to a vertical shift in the aggregate demand curve. But the ultimate outcome remains unaltered with the equilibrium output staying fixed at Y* though the equilibrium price level rise from P0 to P’. Initially, a shift in aggregate demand curve creates a pressure upon the equilibrium output inducing a shift in equilibrium point from E to E†. But such a pressure cannot be

Westfield shopping centre London development project Essay

Westfield shopping centre London development project - Essay Example This paper is intended to identify and map out the key actors for each phase of Westfield Shopping Centre London Development Project, from its inception to the final use, as well as to describe and analyse the process of value generation and its distribution between the public and private sector. The paper also identifies the risks each of the main actors took within the project and the returns they get back for taking on those risks. Introduction Wilkinson and Reed (2008, p.) define the property development as â€Å"a process that involves changing or intensifying the use of land to produce buildings for occupation†. On the one hand the property development include not only the land/property itself, e.g. buying or selling it for a profit, but also the infrastructure, building materials, labour, finance, etc., which further determines the process as complex, lengthy and high-risk activity often involving large sums of money and providing a relatively illiquid product (Wilkinso n and Reed, 2008, p.2, 27). On the other hand, this activity does not exist apart from the wider economic and social contexts, whether at local or national levels; therefore, the market (in the case of market-driven economies) directly influences the process of property development. Like all market-driven activities, the property development appears an end product of the demand and supply imbalances generated in the user and investor’s sides of the market respectively; and is also subjected to different interests originating amongst various actors which are unequally represented in terms of whether financial, aesthetic, emotional, social, etc. profit or loss (D’Arcy and Keogh in Guy and Henneberry, eds., 2002, p.19). According to Wilkinson and Reed (2008, p.3) the development process could be divided into several not entirely sequential, often overlapping and repeating stages – initiation, evaluation, acquisition, design and costing, permissions, commitment, imp lementation, and final use – let/manage/dispose; and a variety of important actors appear either within each stage of the process or across some/all of them, as follows: public sector and government agencies, planners (planning authorities), financial institutions, building contractors, professional team, and objectors (Wilkinson and Reed, 2008, pp.13-27). Though these actors are likely to have different perspectives and expectations, they contribute to the outcome of the property development process. The property development process itself, despite its complexity, displays the general characteristics of any other industrial production process - a combination of various inputs in order to achieve an output or product; but there are two features that make it very different – the unique end product (either in terms of physical characteristics or location) and the constant public attention focused on it, from the first to the last stage (Wilkinson and Reed, 2008, p.2). Th e Brief Westfield London Shopping Centre is a mega mall situated in Shepherd’s Bush – London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which provides 130  803 sq m (1  408  000 sq ft) of retail and leisure accommodation, being home to over 265 shops on five levels, 50 restaurants and cafes, as well as cinema, and car parks for 4  500 cars. The development project has involved regenerating over 44 acres of brownfield site, 9 separate rail projects including the rebuilding/relocation of an operational depot facility for London Underground’s Central Line, together with major road works and construction of three railway stations – two on London’s underground network and one on its over ground network. The project included redevelopment of two Dimco Buildings – Grade 2 listed structures built in 1898 and adjacent to the main construction site, a revamp of Shepherd’s Bush Green and new affordable housing schemes funded by Westfield Develop ment (BBC News, 2009; Savills UK, n.d.). Main phases and actors The development scheme was being