Enzymes in Brewing Industry :: essays papers

Enzymes in Brewing Industry Bioengineering Research Paper Enzymes are catalysts or proteins that are produced by a living cell, but in process are independent of the cell itself. There are two types of enzymes i.e 1) Cell Independent enzymes 2) Non-enzymic enzymes Enzymes are long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. They exist in all living cells, usually controlling the metabolic process whereby nutrients are converted into energy. Enzymes are also catalyst, this mean that enzymes can speed up chemical processes that would normally move very slowly. Enzymes unfortunately don’t last forever they have limited stability or lifespan when they have completed their function in the chemical reaction. Science shows that enzymes work on raw material. Fruit, cereal, milk, beer or wood are some typical products for enzymatic conversion. Enzymes are specific, they usually break down or synthesize one particular compound, and in some cases enzymes limit their actions to specific bonds in the compound with in which they react. An example gluconases is one of the many enzymes used in beer brewing. This enzyme is used in industrial applications of brewing beer and is a very efficient catalyst. It breaks down the wheat and converts the carbohydrates into sugars that speed up the reaction in the aspect of the beer’s fermentation. Enzymes need certain types of conditions to operate, these conditions are usually mild in the areas of temperature and acidity. Many enzymes function around 30Â º- 70Â ºC and their acidity are usually around neutral(ph 7). Enzymes are very important to industrial processes, enzymes they are energy saving and also protect the lifespan of equipment used in processes and also having to buy special equipment resistant to heat, pressure or corrosion. Industrial enzymes can be produced in an ecological way, one of the main ways enzymes can be produced industrially is to culture enzymes in vats. Man has been exploiting enzymes in nature unknowingly for centuries. Also for thousands of years the beer brewing processes of many countries has relied heavily on barley malt. In this period of time barley was malted without brewers understanding what happen to the barley during the malting process. The idea back then was good beer couldn’t be made without malted barley. The unknown

Gilead by Marilynne Robinson Essay

In the novel Gilead, author Marilynne Robinson offers insight into the challenging process of forgiveness through the character, John Ames. As the narrator and protagonist, John provides the reader with an intriguing, first-person perspective on the difficult development from bitterness to forgiveness in his relationship with Jack Boughton, otherwise known as John Ames Boughton, the narrator’s namesake and godson. However, John does not make this progression by his own merit. First of all, he gains perspective into several situations that Jack faced in his life as an adult, and feels empathy for the man. Secondly, John receives wise guidance from his wife, Lila, thereby realizing that because Jack is an ordinary man like any other, he is in need of grace. And finally, through experiencing an abundance of spiritual direction, John realizes that because God shows mercy to Jack, he too must follow that loving example. In Marilynne Robinson’s novel Gilead, John Ames reaches a place of forgiveness and reconciliation with Jack Boughton only by opening his heart to empathizing with Jack’s situations, by following the guidance of his wife, and by observing and obeying the example of Jesus Christ. At an early point in the novel, the reader is given insight into the dissention John Ames feels towards Jack Boughton when he is told that Jack plans on returning home after several years of absence. John says in his narrative, â€Å"I don’t know how one boy could have caused so much disappointment without ever giving anyone any grounds for hope† (Robinson, 72). John’s words carry with them a degree of irritation that enables the reader to discern his dislike for Jack. However, one may begin to notice a shift in John’s attitude towards Jack as he continues to narrate his story, showing an increasing awareness that he must forgive Jack. This development occurs in small increments through several episodes in the story, but the biggest and most incredible shift happens when John learns of Jack’s life outside of Gilead. Jack informs John that he has a wife and a young son. â€Å"I was slightly at a loss, which he must have expected, and still I could tell it was an effort for him not to take offense. You see, the wife is a colored woman. That did surprise me† (Robinson 217). Jack explains the struggle he had in securing a stable home environment for his family, and the negative implications this had on how his wife’s family viewed their marriage. Throughout Jack’s narrative, it becomes clearer to John how Jack, after previous transgressions, has accepted responsibility for his family. This maturity positively affects John’s impression of Jack and he begins to see Jack in a new light. Jack continues to tell John of his endeavors in the hopes of receiving clarity regarding whether or not to tell his father about his family. However, when John is unable to offer any solid advice, Jack responds by saying, â€Å"‘No matter, Papa. I believe I’ve lost them, anyways’† (Robinson 232). John is understandably shocked in hearing this story and can find no other response but to wrap his arms around Jack and lovingly embrace him. â€Å"I could just feel the loneliness in him. Here I was supposed to be a second father to him. I wanted to say something to him to that effect, but it seemed complicated, and I was too tired to think through its possible implications. It might sound as if I were trying to establish some sort of equivalency between his failings and mine, when in fact I would have meant he was a better man than I ever thought he could be† (Robinson 231). John expresses a measure of empathy that he has never shown Jack before and acknowledges how he has allowed old grudges and transgressions to get in the way of forgiving this young man for far too long. Yet it was simply by listening to Jack’s story and by being vulnerable that John was able to reconcile with Jack. However, if it had not been for his wife, Lila, John may not have been at a place in his life to forgive Jack. At the beginning of his chronicles, John, in his stubbornness, shows no intention of forgiving Jack. Nonetheless, as formerly mentioned, the reader observes a shift in his thinking. For example, John records that in his encounters with Jack, he begins â€Å"trying to be a little more cordial to him than [he had previously] been† (Robinson 123). This shift does not occur simply out of a guilty conscious or out of a personal conviction to make things right, but through the aid of his second wife Lila. According to Gordon Leah, Lila â€Å"brings a totally fresh attitude into his ministry and attitudes and becomes a conduit for a new attitude to the one man who has been, as he says, a thorn in his heart for so long, Jack Boughton, the maverick son of his old friend Pastor Boughton† (55). At one point in the story line, Jack says to John, â€Å"So, Reverend, I would like to hear your views on the doctrine of predestination† (Robinson 149). John states that that specific question is probably his least favorite topic of conversation in the entire world, and â€Å"unable to answer the question and aware of the tension existing between [himself] and Jack†¦ prevaricates, until his wife, Lila, eventually, after some thought, answers the question with the simple words: ‘A person can change’† (Leah, 53). Although this comment may initially appear insignificant, Lila’s input into the conversation brings a fresh attitude to John’s closed-minded thoughts. Her words bring about the revelation that forgiveness is necessary in John’s relationship with Jack, and that he must be the one to initiate it. Lila’s words make John consider the fact that although Jack acted irresponsibly in the past, John must give him the chance to demonstrate that he has changed. The place of forgiveness that John Ames is eventually able to reach is not only a result of guidance from his wife, but, more importantly, is also the result of spiritual direction from God. John Ames shows a deeper understanding behind the importance of forgiveness in his life, when he reflects on the opportunity God gives him every time he encounters Jack. He says, â€Å"When you encounter another person, when you have dealings with anyone at all, it is as if a question is being put to you. So you must think, What is the Lord asking of me in this moment, in this situation? If you confront insult or antagonism, your first impulse will be to respond in kind. But if you think, as it were, This is an emissary sent from the Lord, and some benefit is intended for me, first of all the occasion to demonstrate my faithfulness, the chance to show that I do in some small degree participate in the grace that saved me, you are free to act otherwise than as circumstances would seem to dictate.† (Robinson 124) In this passage, John recognizes that while he has the ability to cling to his resentment and unresolved conflicts with Jack, the example of God’s mercy gives him a higher standard. He is being called to follow Christ’s example of bestowing grace to undeserving persons, and to ignore that calling is to reject the very grace that is shown to himself through God. He puts this idea beautifully into words when he says, â€Å"I think there must also be a prevenient courage that allows us to be brave – that is, to acknowledge that there is more beauty than our eyes can bear, that precious things have been put into our hands and to do nothing to honor them is to do great harm† (Robinson 246). John becomes aware of the fact that because God offers all humans unfathomable forgiveness for their sins, he too must forgive Jack. He does not say this in a tone of reluctance or in a haughty manner that would serve to prove his own spirituality, but as â€Å"a positive appreciation of the beauty of the other person, the object of God’s grace and of [his] forgiveness† (Leah 56). John is finally able to express his newfound understanding that Jack is just as worthy of his forgiveness as any other man, and acknowledges that this comprehension comes only through recognition of the grace and mercy God first showed us. When one observes the evolution from resentment to reconciliation that John Ames makes in his relationship with Jack Boughton through the novel Gilead, it seems to be a remarkable and almost impossible change of attitude. However, this development does not occur out of his own conviction to resolve his problems with Jack, or a need for reconciliation with the man, but through several other contributing factors. First, when John learns of the difficult adulthood Jack has faced, and witnesses how he has matured through these situations, he is able to show empathy towards him. Secondly, John’s wife, Lila, helps him appreciate the fact that Jack, like any other human being, is in need of forgiveness and mercy. And finally, John learns that just as God has forgiven Jack, he too must show mercy to this man. In Marilynne Robinson’s novel Gilead, John Ames is able to forgive and reconcile with Jack Boughton through a process of opening his heart to understanding Jack’s story, being guided by his wife on a path of compassion and empathy, and by realizing that he is called to follow God’s example in showing mercy and forgiveness to the sinners around him. Works Cited Robinson, Marilynne. Gilead. Trade pbk. ed. Toronto: Harper Perennial, 2005. Leah, Gordon. â€Å"‘A Person Can Change’ Grace, Forgiveness And Sonship In Marilynne Robinson’s Novel Gilead.† Evangelical Quarterly 80.1 (2008): 53-58.

Anthem Essay

Anthem Essay No â€Å"I† and no â€Å"you†, just â€Å"we. † How could we live in a world like that? Ayn Rand’s book shows a twisted and different form of collectivism. Everyone is told what they have to do for the rest of their future. Children are not even allowed to know who their parents are and are never given the chance to meet them. Although, only one shines in the society that no one else may see until now. Equality finds it difficult to find individualism in his life and in the rules of his society. Equality eventually finds individualism in escaping, to a haven of his own, from his odd society. Equality can then find peace with himself and can live in a more individualistic life in his newfound house with â€Å"The Golden One† in the forbidden and Uncharted Forest. This forest had been banned because no one had â€Å"known† what was beyond the tree line. Equality had experienced many emotions but the three major ones experienced by Equality are individualism, self-confidence, and trust; these quotes need to be explained. To begin, the first quote states, â€Å"To be free, a man must be free of his brothers† (Rand 101). In this chapter, Equality describes how he feels about his past society. He also now gives himself a new name, Prometheus, after the god who had taken light from the heavens and had brought it to man. He then named, â€Å"The Golden One†, Gaea who was the mother of Earth and of all gods. Equality then explains to us how we must not be tied down by our friends or peers. We should be allowed to make our own choices, even though some peers may not accept this decision, we should be allowed to live independently. Freedom should only be taken away by one’s self, or if someone has committed something so sinister that he or she’s rights and freedoms should to be taken away. Anyone’s freedom should be preserved as should everyone else’s freedom. Equality feels he is the only one with his head on straight now and that he is the only one that can slowly turn this confusing world around. The next quote states, â€Å"It is the mind which thinks, and the judgment of my mind is the only searchlight that can find truth† (Rand 94). This quote is from chapter eleven in which during this chapter Equality describes how he is done with the word â€Å"we† as it is destructive to society, to a certain point. At this point of the story, Equality is describing the aspects of his mind and how it will help him find his new world and where to start his own society over, in a sense. He believes only his mind can find truth because his old friends are still absorbed in the collectivist society that Equality can’t stand anymore. He wants to become a one of a kind in history and to create a name for himself that everyone will remember. He will not only follow in his old societies footprints but will instead follow his anestrous ways of society. Equality also feels that it is necessary to find truth in his life about past life before the collectivism era and society had started. The ancestral ways that had individuality and creativity. The world was colorful with life then. Equality’s life is now so dull and boring. Equality wants to start his own society where he believes that everyone is to be treated equally, hence his name. He doesn’t believe that people should be chosen for what they do for a living and rather let them choose what they would like as a living. Equality realizes he can turn this world around but he needs to trust himself to do that because it will take time. The last quote, from chapter twelve, states, â€Å"And we thought we could trust this being who looked upon us from the stream, and that we had nothing to fear with this being† (Rand 80). Equality is explaining how all humans thought they could trust themselves running that collectivism society that he had so gratefully left. He realizes he had everything to fear from the twisted society that he lived in. Equality had trusted himself enough to completely let go of his old society, to leave everything behind and adopt a new culture. He must have trusted himself immensely to have done this. He also realizes humans are much too smart to govern that society and wonders if they were just too afraid to contradict their government or just did not trust themselves to try and overthrow it. Equality realizes he should be confident in himself. He is a very headstrong person and is not persuaded so easily. That is why he had left his society in the first place. Equality would like to live as an individual where he would not work together for the common good, as a group, but where he alone will work as an individual in his new society that he will soon create. Ayn Rand’s novel puts Equality in a great position to start his new life with his new family. Ayn Rand’s story gives hope to all who want not to be conquered by their government and to have a say in what they believe in. If your government or society doesn’t like what you have to say, then it shows you can also walk right out the door if you don’t like what is happening. When you become a collectivist, you lose your individuality and almost become a slave and or a robot to the government and society. You lose your creativity and lose your ability to function as a citizen. The novel shows individuality in people and that all people don’t think alike even though they may be told to, you cannot stop a person from thinking what they want to. In conclusion, three quotes discussing individualism, self-confidence, and trust were described more widely and in depth.

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay -- Jonathan Swift, A Modest Pr

Swift makes a bold claim to harnessing the sole fail proof method for reversing Ireland’s course of poverty turned famine. The proposal entails selling one’s own children for consumption of food, thus placing food on the table for those who can afford, placing money into the mothers pocket, and allowing the would be needy childr... A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay -- Jonathan Swift, A Modest Pr In the story â€Å"A Modest Proposal† Swift spread many ideas throughout the essay. It was made to be seen that Swift did not care for children mainly because they placed burdens on their parents and they had no contribution to society. This was actually not true. Swift is trying to add value to these children and allow them to be better contributors to the rich people of Ireland and release burdens off their parents. â€Å"I think it is agreed by all parties, that this prodigious number of children in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom, a very great additional grievance; and therefore whoever could ï ¬ nd out a fair, cheap and easy method of making these children sound and useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the publick, as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation†(Swift 2). Swift most likely has some bad memories as a child or perhaps was treated differently as a child then the children of that time were. I say this because it is clear he dislikes, or perhaps not dislikes, but would like to better them for society. Swift feels they need to be more useful members for the commonwealth maybe because when he was a child he was forced to be of use. Swift als nd then served to the rich landowners is because he believes it will truly help the commonwealth of the nation, and will help the overpopulation issue. Swift obviously believes it is a â€Å"win win† for the nation, the people, the parents, and the commonwealth of the nation. Swift’s goal must have been to help the society as much as he could have in giving them his proposal. Swift wanted to help the social, political and economical problems that Ireland had, and really felt that if the country had used his proposal they could solve their problems. Jonathan Swift’s proposal was a essay targeted at bettering the commonwealth of the nation of Ireland and allowing the kids to make a contribution to the nation. Swift cared for the children as well as he cared for the health of the nation and would have loved to see the nation flourish using the proposal he left behind. A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay -- Jonathan Swift, A Modest Pr Contrary to the narrator’s belief that this method would decrease the theft, abortion, and murder rate of unwanted children, I would not be so afraid to say that this would be considered, if passed, nothing more than legitimate murder. This could also cause the demand on such meat to rise and the supply to run thin, causing an even greater degree of theft with the stealing of a person’s loved ones and murder. Richard B. Freeman, a Professor of Economics at Harvard University even mentioned this in his study called â€Å"The Economics of Crime† which in Cha... A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay -- Jonathan Swift, A Modest Pr Swift’s main purpose of â€Å"A Modest Proposal† was to display the absurdity of the insensible acts that were being carried out by the Irish government. This essay did not actually comply with finding a solution to the problem in the country. He was actually attempting to show those of Ireland that this was the similar to what the government was allowing to occur. A famous quote that can be linked to this essay is as follows, â€Å"The poor were getting poorer and the rich were getting richer.† To refer to women, Swift uses the word ‘breeders.’ They were treated as someone that furthered mankind, rather than a provider. If the reader wasn’t aware that Swift was making a mockery of Ireland’s political system, the reader could possibly become disgusted with â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† If one examines the actual content of â€Å"A Modest Proposal† they can catch the tone of s the sense of resentment towards Roman Catholics. T hroughout the essay Roman Catholics are referred to as â€Å"papists.† In paragraph thirteen, Swift mentions that more Catholic babies are born nine months after Lent and will flood the market with infants. Later on, he says his proposal â€Å"will have one other collateral advantage, by lessening the number of papists among us† (869). From paragraph thirteen, the author reveals animosity towards papists by wanting to reduce the number of their children and therefore reducing the amount of Catholics. Also, another evaluation can be made by the fact that Jonathan Swift himself was an ordained Anglican priest (866). Since the ever-present conflict between Catholics and Protests existed, it makes it quite possible that the Catholic Church had an influence on Ireland’s economy at the time or so Swift leads the reader to believe.

Strengths and Weaknesses of a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strengths and Weaknesses of a Leader - Essay Example Moreover, people tend to follow those whom they see as providing a means of achieving their own desires, wants, and needs. Leadership and motivation are closely interconnected. By understanding motivation, one can appreciate better what people want and why they act as they do. The motivation given by the leadership makes the followers to depict certain behavioral attitudes. These values transformed by the leader in his/ her followers are different in men and women. As mentioned by Weber in his definition of charismatic leader Schmidt is an extraordinarily gifted person who emerged in situation of desperation for Novell and provided the organization with a set of ideas providing a radical solution to the crisis. Through his openness for change and volatility he succeeded to make the employees of the organization believe that he is the right person whom they should follow. They validated Schmidt's extraordinary gifts and which resulted in repeated success of organization. The want of good leadership can issue from physiological and security needs. Good leadership helps to assure that the organization and its jobs will continue to exist. In addition, the ego demands that one-respect person from whom orders and directions are to be received. It is very frustrating to be subjected personally to a command from an individual who is deemed unworthy and incompetent. Reasonable orders and directions: The order i... equirements of the situation, capable of being executed, complete but not unnecessarily detailed, clear and concise, and given in a manner that stimulates acceptance. Unreasonable orders incapable of accomplishment serve only to increase insecurity and frustration. Unreasonable orders that work contrary to the best interests of the organization may lead to a form of malicious obedience; the employee takes great delight in following them to the letter in hopes of harming the superior who merits little respect. A socially relevant organization: The trend toward greater social expectations of private organizations has impact upon such an organization's employee's expectations. This want issues from human needs of self-esteem, and levies a highly challenging responsibility upon the organization's management. In a job environment where the most of the above mentioned conditions will fulfilled the employees will be more committed and productive. In the case of Networking software maker Novell Schmidt kept moods and emotions as a central point in the leadership process. More specifically it was proposed that emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage moods and emotions in the self and others, contributed to effective leadership in Novell's rebuilding. Schmidt kept his focus on four major aspects of emotional intelligence: The appraisal and expression of emotion, the use of emotion to enhance cognitive processes and decision making, knowledge about emotions and management of emotions. By manipulating these four aspects he developed collective goals and objectives. He instilled in his colleagues and sub ordinates an appreciation of the importance of new ideas, enthusiasm to work hard, confidence in himself and trust with in themselves and other teammates. He

Conclusion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conclusion Paper - Essay Example However I hold an opinion that such tests have pressurized and influenced students in ways that are not too subtle to avoid. Critiques condemn such tests saying that a test paper made up of a few multiple choice questions cannot ever judge students’ overall educational capabilities. â€Å"Some school systems are under great pressure to raise their scores so they have resorted to decreasing time spent in recess.† (Margie, 2009). This leads to negative impact on students. So these tests mostly allow base learning and are not entirely capable of producing 100% result that means instilling a deep understanding of knowledge in a student. Understandably, these tests mostly contain multiple choice questions, so they can be completed in a much shorter time, they can be quickly graded and most beneficently, they allow a swift analysis of a big number of students. They are less time-consuming and characteristically too simplistic. They give teachers guidance like what they should teach students for preparation. This system of testing also allows parents to track their child’s progress over years and compare it with other students in other areas. This helps the students to assess if they are going up or down academically. But are they a good way of measuring individual learning and intelligence in a perfect manner? The answer is a straight-forward no. The term â€Å"high-stakes testing† is used when only standardizes tests are considered when determining whether a student should go the next grade or not. Many concerned parents have reportedly argued that this system of testing does not allow the students to satisfactorily demonstrate their individual skills of critical thinking and logical reasoning. â€Å"Some students are bad test takers, so this shouldnt be the only way they are judged.† (Cartman, 2010). Which is better, profound knowledge allowing a deep insight or base knowledge allowing an approach that would only last till

EPIC systems as the chosen Information Management Application for Essay

EPIC systems as the chosen Information Management Application for California Pacific Medical Center - Essay Example The application incorporates the use of both computer and information science technologies. The application provides a wide base of operation and ensures the use of practical dimension of the recent technology as prescribed by the nursing informatics principles. The application is used in the hospital and has brought efficiency in the operations of the hospital. Incorporation of the application has worked in hand with other information management application to ensure continued efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently, use of Information Management Application help organizations improves on the quality of service delivered to the hospital clients. The applications support the core values of the organization; quality, effectiveness, efficiency and integrity. Introduction The EPIC system is a series of computer related technologies adopted in the health sector to yield efficiency and effectiveness in the area of operation used for one. EPIC system interlinks various departments and u nits of an organization with the aim of facilitating functionality in the operations of the organization. The inpatient and outpatient admission-discharge-transfer application (ADT) focuses on building internal hospital efficiency. The EPIC ADT application integrated in California Pacific Medical Center has key components with features that support effective operation of the hospital (Armoni, 2002). The diversity of the EPIC system ranges from their functional ability to the nature of patient handling. Outpatients and inpatients possess different data packs to meet their specific objectives. The outpatient EPICADT component package allows a quick registry of the incoming patient, keeping a mark on the number of patients visiting and leaving the hospital. It also keeps the focus on clinical data management of the patients. This starts with creating an account for every patient and which act as the core tool for identity of the patient (Scaffzin, Prichard, Bisig, Gainor, Wolfe, Salon, Webster, & McCarthy, 2013). All the details of the patient are kept in that account and can easily be accessed through use of the patient user name or identification details. The system stores information and data relating to the individuals who visited the hospital (Saba, 2006). Such information includes a description of the health status of the patients. The areas visited by the patients are also included in the system and EPIC ensures keeping a record in every unit. For example, a patient visiting the consultancy department will have his or her name written in the system. If the patient visits another unit in the hospital, for example the laboratory department, the name of the patient will have to appear automatically since it was once used in the system. The EPIC system has a working scenario of â€Å"one client, one file†. Ambulatory services will also reflect on the system. The inpatient systems also have its category of packages available for the patients. It keeps a smooth and updated record on the admissions made in the hospital (Tan, 2011). As well, the system keeps information and data on the discharges and transfers made in the hospital. The importance of such information is articulated in the database of the hospital and aid easy retrieval and access to the information. Information on patients in a hospital is a crucial tool and a management aspect that aid smooth operations (Hewwet, 2002). Furthermore, ease of